What condition can brown stains on the outside of the hive indicate?

Brown stains on the outside of the hive typically indicate the presence of weakened colonies or diseases affecting the bees. These stains can be a result of honey, propolis, or other biological materials that are expelled by the bees as they deal with stress factors such as disease, pests, or inadequate nutrition. When a colony is not thriving, it may produce more waste or exhibit unusual behaviors that manifest in the form of these brown marks.

In contrast, normal wear and tear could be associated with the aging of hives from environmental exposure without necessarily indicating a problematic condition. While strong bee activity can produce some residue outside the hive, it is less likely to result in noticeable stains compared to the effects of a declining colony's health. Overall, the brown stains serve as a visual cue that warrants a closer examination of the colony's condition and health.