What enzymes do house bees add to nectar to create honey?

House bees add invertase and glucose oxidase to nectar to create honey. Invertase is crucial for the enzymatic breakdown of sucrose (table sugar) found in nectar into glucose and fructose, which are simpler sugars that honey bees can easily digest and store. This process not only helps in the transformation of nectar into honey but also contributes to the honey's sweetness.

Glucose oxidase is another important enzyme that plays a role in honey production by catalyzing the oxidation of glucose, which leads to the formation of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. These byproducts not only contribute to honey’s flavor and aroma but also provide natural preservative qualities, making honey less susceptible to spoilage.

This combination of enzymes is fundamental in the bee's ability to convert nectar into a long-lasting food source, which is rich in sugars and essential nutrients, ensuring the survival of the hive. Other options do not pertain to the honey-making process, focusing instead on different types of enzymes that are not involved in nectar transformation.